Telemedicina en pediatría para el manejo de enfermedades crónicas y de grupos vulnerables
Palabras clave:
pediatría, telemedicina, atención primaria de salud, atención médica, revisión sistemática.Resumen
Introducción: La telemedicina es una herramienta para los servicios de atención en pediatría, ya que permite el seguimiento de los pacientes pediátricos en el manejo de enfermedades crónicas y de grupos vulnerables; disminuye los costos y mejora el acceso a los servicios de salud.
Objetivo: Explorar, por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, la efectividad de la teleconsulta en el manejo de enfermedades crónicas y grupos vulnerables en la población pediátrica.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, utilizando los términos MESH “pediatrics” AND “telehealth” AND “primary care” AND “control care” en las bases Medline PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Science Direct. Se incluyeron metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas, experimentos clínicos controlados, estudios de cohortes, casos y controles, realizados desde 1998 hasta julio de 2021. Se obtuvieron 54 estudios para la revisión final.
Resultados: Los principales resultados de la búsqueda arrojaron beneficios a nivel del control de enfermedades crónicas, control posterior al egreso de la unidad de cuidado intensivo, poscirugía pediátrica, cuidado paliativo, enfermedades mentales, acceso a los servicios de salud de población proveniente de regiones apartadas. Se encontró un beneficio para prevenir las visitas al servicio de urgencias.
Conclusiones: La telemedicina tiene una diversidad de utilidades e intervenciones como herramienta de la salud. Se ha encontrado evidencia científica robusta para la atención de enfermedades crónicas y/o seguimiento en pediatría. Asimismo, la prestación de servicios en la modalidad de telemedicina en pediatría debe incluirse en los procesos de atención y guías de práctica clínica de la especialidad.
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